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第二章 减数分裂和有性生殖
第一节 (...) (...) 卵细胞的形成
不同点 形成部位 精巢（哺乳动物称睾丸） 卵巢
过　　程 有变形期 无变形期
子细胞数 一个精原细胞形成4个精子 一个卵原细胞形成1个卵细胞+3个极体
相同点 (...) (...) (...) (...) 减Ⅰ前期 减Ⅱ前期 减Ⅱ末期 有丝后期 减Ⅱ后期 减Ⅱ后期 减Ⅰ后期
答案：有丝前期 减Ⅱ中期 减Ⅰ后期 减Ⅱ中期 减Ⅰ前期 减Ⅱ后期 减Ⅰ中期 有丝中期
第二节 (...) (...) 遗传和染色体
第一节 (...) (...) → 表现型）
5、 (...) (...) 。（可用来测定F1的基因型，属于杂交）
三、基因分离定律的实质: 在减I分裂后期, (...) (...) 子代基因型及比例 子代表示型及比例
⑴ AA×AA AA 全显
⑵ AA×Aa AA : Aa=1 : 1 全显
⑶ AA×aa Aa 全显
⑷ Aa×Aa AA : Aa : aa=1 : 2 : 1 显:隐=3 : 1
⑸ Aa×aa Aa : aa =1 : 1 显:隐=1 : 1
⑹ aa×aa aa 全隐
逆推类型：（子代→亲代）
亲代基因型 子代表现型及比例
⑴ 至少有一方是AA 全显
⑵ aa×aa 全隐
⑶ Aa×aa 显:隐=1 : 1
⑷ Aa×Aa 显:隐=3 : 1
五、孟德尔遗传实验的科学方法：
准确地选用实验资料；
剖析方法科学；（单因子→多因子）
应用统计学方法对实验结果进行分析, (...) ；
(...) )：（1/2）n
纯合子(AA+aa)：1-（1/2）n (...) 抗锈病（2）抗锈病和不抗锈病 性状分离（3）TT或Tt (...) (...) 100%或1/2
第二节 (...) (...) DdPp ddPp ②3/8， 1/8， 1/8， (...) + XY 雌性：n－1对常染色体 + XX
性比：个别 1 : (...) 男 ＞ 女 ② 隔代遗传（穿插遗传） ③ 母病子必病，女病父必病
（2）伴X显性遗传的特点：
① 女＞男 ② 连续发病 ③ 父病女必病，子病母 （3）伴Y遗传的特点：
①男病女不病 (...) (...) 个别染色体增加或减少：
实例：21三体综合征（多1条21号染色体）
(...) 染色体组数= (...) 2 5 1 4
② 染色体组数= (...) ______ （2）AaBb _______
（3）AAa _______ （4）AaaBbb _______
（5）AAAaBBbb _______ （6）ABCD ______
答案：2 2 3 3 4 (...) (...) (...) (...) ,要想得到可以稳定遗传的矮杆抗病水稻ddRR (...) 杂交育种 多倍体育种 单倍体育种
办法 用射线、激光、化学药品等处置生物 杂交 用秋水仙素处理萌生的种子或幼苗 花药(粉)离体培育
原理 基因突变 基因重组 染色体变异 染色体变异
优缺点 加速育种过程，大幅度地改进某些性状，但有利变异个体少。 方法简便，但要较终年限选择才可失掉纯合子。 器官较大，营养物质含量高，但壮实率低，成熟迟。 后代都是纯合子，明显缩短育种年限，但技术较复杂。

第四章 遗传的分子基本
第一节 (...) S型细菌：菌落润滑，菌体有夹膜，有毒性
(...)
细胞生物
（真核、原核） 非细胞生物
（病毒）
核酸 DNA跟RNA DNA RNA
遗传物质 DNA DNA (...) (...)
内侧：由氢键相连的碱基对组成。
③碱基配对有必定法则： A ＝ T；G ≡ (...) A=T、G=C
②任意两个非互补的碱基之和相等, (...) ；且即是全体碱基和的一半
例：A+G = A+C = T+G = T+C = (...) ②合成子链 ③子、母链环绕形成子代DNA分子
5、特点： 半保存复制 (...) (...) =2n（n为复制次数）
含亲代链的DNA数 =2
第三节 (...) *** (...) (...) (...) = (...) (...) (...) (...) (...) (...) (...) 第三节）
第五节 关注人类遗传病
一、人类遗传病与先天性疾病差别：
遗传病：由遗传物质改变引起的疾病。（可以生来就有，也可当前天发生）
(...) 伴Ｘ显：抗维生素Ｄ佝偻病
常显：多指、并指、软骨发育不全
隐性遗传病 (...) (...) (...) (...) (...) (...) (...) 生物的进化
第一节 (...) (...) (...) (...) ______；基因型 aa的频率为 ______。基因A的频率为______；
基因a的频率为 ______。
答案：30% 60% 10% 60% 40%
②某个等位基因的频率 = 它的纯合子的频率 + (...) 、基因型为aa的个体占10% ，则：基因A的频率为______，基因a的频率为 ______
答案： 60% (...) (...) (...)

those businesses that do not evolve a strong multichannel presence will be most at exposed to potential failure, according to BDO.



1. Use a computer or recipe cards; it doesn't matter how you maintain your customer list. In the words of that famous running shoe company - just do it! A customer database is the single most important asset you can own, next to your inventory. With a customer database you can reach out and touch people that are already familiar with your store and your employees and have a good impression of their last buying experience with you.



So what are you doing with your down time? Are you reading the paper, (...) , trying to figure out which ones to put ads in or are you calling your best customers and giving them a reason to come back and spend more money in your store?
The Association unites the founding fathers of the Row with the New Establishment tailors to protect and develop a craft practised in this elite quarter of Mayfair for over two centuries.



4. Start a monthly eZine that keeps your customers informed of new developments in your marketplace as well as new products coming in the future, special events, and sales. Use this platform to highlight your employees so that your customers will feel more comfortable with them the next time they come into your store.



6. Make sure you train all your staff to collect customer information. Before you know it, you will have hundreds of customers that you can call to drive up sales whenever business is slow.



So don't wait until business is slow, start getting your customers' contact information right now. If you have a computerized POS system, start collecting your customers' phone numbers and tracking their visits as well as their purchases. If you don't have a computer, use recipe cards and write down the date each time they come into your store and how much they spent - whether they purchased something or not.






5. Hold a special, invitation-only sale for customers that have already bought from you, or have purchased a certain amount within the last year. Send out formal, hand written invitation cards three weeks before the event and follow-up with phone calls the week before.



The answer is simple: get to know your customers when business is good. I can hear many of you saying, (...) , but Mike, I do know my customers. I know many of my customers by their first name and even some personal things about some of my long-standing customers. For example, you say, I know that Mr. Smith, likes to buy his wife something from my store for their anniversary each year. Well, you might know enough about your customers to have meaningful conversations with them when they are in your store, or to help them find the perfect item, but do you know what it takes to entice them to come back into your store when business is slow? Do you even know how to contact your customers?



2. Track the amounts purchased by your customers then make sure you contact your top 100 customers every quarter.



To illustrate my point let me tell you why I buy a lot of my clothes from a specific retailer in my area. Actually, (...) , he isn't all that close to me; in fact, I have to drive 30 minutes across town to get to him, while there are a number of men's clothing stores only blocks away from me. You might think I am a bargain hunter but, actually, he is one of the more expensive clothiers in the area. Not the most expensive by any means, but well above department store prices. So you must be thinking that I am either really tall or really overweight and I need custom suits and shirts made to measure, but actually I am lucky in that I can wear most things right off the rack. So why do I drive across town and pay good money to buy clothes that don't need to be custom fitted? Because I like the way the owner makes me feel when I go to his store. Well, you say, my customers like the way I make them feel too - how does this help me get them back into my store when sales are slow? Well, (...) , not only does the owner know how I like my pants to fall on my shoes and what colors look best on me, but he also reaches out to me when he hasn't seen me for a while. Let me repeat that in case you missed it - he reaches out to me when he hasn't seen me for a while! He keeps track of when I was in his store last and calls me when he hasn't seen me for a while or when he buys new inventory that he thinks I will like. He doesn't send an impersonal email or a direct mail piece that may end up in my garbage before I get to see it. He picks up the phone and calls me in my office and chats with me for 30 seconds and then invites me to come and see the latest merchandise he just bought. It may take me a couple of weeks to find the time to visit him but every day, at one point in the day, I will find myself thinking about when I will be able to squeeze in a quick visit to my favorite clothier. Eventually I will make it over to see him and he will make me feel like I am his only customer and I will buy something from him - often, I will buy a lot from him.






Use the following list of ideas to help you fuel a new, proactive direct marketing initiative for your store.






7. If you have staff members that are really good at developing relationships with your customers, (...) , encourage them to reach out to a segment of your customer base that they can call their own. If a customer always deals with a certain employee, he/she will likely respond better to a phone call from someone they know.



3. Conduct a direct mail campaign inviting your customers to join your "preferred Customers Club" then give them a coupon for 10% off their next purchase if they sign up.



So you have a successful retail business; or you are on your way to building a successful retail business. You have a good group of employees that are well trained and knowledgeable about your merchandise. You have excellent relationships with your suppliers so you always get stock when you need it. Sales are increasing quarter over quarter, year over year. Business is great right now. But what about when sales slow down because of forces beyond your control, like a slowing economy or greater competition moving into your marketplace? How will you attract customers to your store then? Perhaps you have already seen better days and are experiencing a slowdown in sales right now.



Collecting customer information is a skill that you and your staff need to develop. Don't ask for everything all at the same time; do it in stages. Nobody likes standing at the checkout counter for five minutes after they have paid for their merchandise so that you can enter all their contact information into your computer. The first time a customer comes in and purchases from you, just get their name and phone number. Tell them that you sometimes call your customers to let them know when new stock arrives. During that visit, try to find out something meaningful about the customer, like product preferences or what they do for a living. The second time, ask them for their email address so that you can send them notices of special unadvertised sales that only your preferred customers are invited to. This time find out something new about the customer, the name of their spouse (if you sell to both genders) or children (if you own a toy store) or pet (if you own a pet shop.) Add this information to their customer file/card. By the time your customer visits you three times, you will know more about them than most of their co-workers and, more importantly, you will know multiple ways to reach out to your customers and draw them back into your store.



The Savile Row Bespoke Association acts a spokesman for the tailoring industry of Savile Row and works to ensure that the Row continues to thrive as the world centre of tailoring excellence.



When business slows, most retailers just throw money at the problem. They buy more advertising space in the local newspaper or more commercial time on the TV and radio stations. While this may have an impact, it is a very expensive way to get people to visit your store and maybe not the best use of your cash reserves considering that you may not have as much cash coming in as you are used to having. So what do you do? How do you get people to come to your store without spending a lot of money on advertising?


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